The second Nagorno-Karabakh war between Armenia and Azerbaijan ended after 44 days, on 9 November 2020, with the signature of the Russian-brokered ceasefire agreement and the subsequent deployment of some 2000 Russian peacekeepers. The war reversed the situation on the ground, with the return of the previously occupied territories to Azerbaijan, offering hundreds of thousands of Azerbaijanis the opportunity to return home. It also significantly changed the geopolitical realities of the South Caucasus, with Russia and Turkey increasing their footprint.

At this online Policy Dialogue speakers assessed the implementation of the ceasefire agreement, the prospects for a lasting, sustainable settlement, as well as for regional cooperation. They also analysed the key challenges, and the role of regional and external actors, including Russia, Turkey, Iran, the EU, the US and the OSCE.