Chapter 22 - The politics of ever closer Union’

In a call for a federal Europe, Andrew Duff’s contribution ‘The politics of ever closer Union’ argues that in its current state, the EU is too weak to do what is expected of it. The Union faces systemic challenges demanding sustained structural responses from stable, strong government. He thus argues that the EU should be granted sufficient centralised powers to be able to act effectively in the many critical situations in which it finds itself while endowing the governance of the European Union with credible and democratic leadership.